Thyroid disorders are the most common problems which most people face these days. A large chunk of the population is affected with one or the other abnormalities of the Thyroid gland. The Thyroid gland is present in the neck and it produces some vital hormones. These hormones are responsible for various metabolic activities of the body.

Disorders mainly happen when the Thyroid gland secrets either excess or insufficient amounts of the hormones.

Causes of Thyroid disorders
The secretions of the Thyroid hormones can decrease due to the production of some antibodies in the body causing Hypothyroidism. If the Thyroid gland starts secreting excess amounts of hormones generally due to inflammations, Hyperthyroidism occurs.

Hypothyroidism can also be caused due to the removal of the Thyroid gland. Pituitary tumors can increase the levels of TSH hormone causing Hyperthyroidism. In rare occurrences, babies are born with congenital Hyperthyroidism too. Thyroid cancer may be caused due to radiation therapy.

Symptoms of Thyroid disorders
There are diverse numbers of symptoms which are related to different types of Thyroid disorders. All these disorders majorly depend upon the level of secretions of the hormones. There may be vast differences between the symptoms of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism.

A situation where the levels of T3 and T4 in the blood get lowered, your metabolism can slow down causing Hypothyroidism. The symptoms include:

• Constipation
• Dry hair
• Forgetfulness and confusion
• Dry skin with scales
• Fatigue
• Slow heart rate
• Lower blood pressure
• Increase in the weight
• Irritability
• Muscle cramps

You should always consider treating Hypothyroidism to avoid the acute symptoms which are:

• Low body temperature
• Heart failure
• Mental dullness

Hyperthyroidism is exactly the opposite of the above. High secretions of the T4 and T3 can carry the symptoms of:

• Increased heart rate
• High blood pressure
• Clamminess
• Increase in sweating
• Restlessness
• Insomnia
• Diarrhea
• Bone loss
• An enlarged Thyroid gland can be said as Goiter. It can carry the symptoms like double vision and skin rising.

Acute symptoms of Hyperthyroidism are as follows:

• Fever
• Comma
• Jaundice
• Irregular heartbeat
• Shock
• Weakness

Treatments for Thyroid disorder
There are many ways to treat several types of Thyroid disorders. They are as discussed below.

• Thyroid hormone replace therapy
  This is a lifelong treatment for the victims of Hypothyroidism where synthetic Thyroid hormone is taken orally. Rarely do the patients face side-effects of this. In case of an overdose, you may face palpitations and shakiness. Pregnant women need more dosage of these oral hormones.
• Iodine can be used to treat the condition of Hyperthyroidism
  There is a high success rate for the iodine therapy for treating the patients with Hyperthyroidism. It is generally not given in excess amounts or else you can experience Hypothyroidism. Furthermore, it is not likely to be given to pregnant women because the Thyroid gland of the fetus may be damaged. Commonly, a very low amount of radioactive iodine is given which never incurs other damage to the body.
• A regular dose of Iodine
  This is given to the patient having a Thyroid disorder of Hyperthyroidism at the acute level.
• Anti-Thyroid medications
  This can be given to you to bring the Hyperthyroidism under control. Medications like Methimazole can bring down the levels of Thyroid within 3 months. Larger doses are efficient to work quickly but you can get various side effects. They include rashes, nausea, etc.
• Removal of the Thyroid gland by surgery
  Most doctors perform this on you if you have cancer in the gland. Removing the gland leads you to Hypothyroidism instantly. Thyroid disorder like cancer in the gland can also be treated by a combination of various treatments like Thyroidectomy, Radioactive therapy, Radiation therapy, etc.